Viyana \u00dcniversitesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bildiklerimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Kedilerin huzur ve rahatl\u0131k anlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 o tan\u0131d\u0131k \u201cguruldama\u201d sesi, y\u0131llard\u0131r hayvan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekiyor. Ancak Viyana \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma, kedilerin bu sesi nas\u0131l \u00fcretti\u011fine ili\u015fkin eski teorilerin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Christian T. Herbst liderli\u011findeki uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan bilim dergisi Current Biology<\/em>‘de yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, kedilerin g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131n\u0131n, beyin ya da sinir sisteminden gelen tekrarlayan bir uyar\u0131 olmadan da guruldama frekanslar\u0131nda titre\u015fim \u00fcretebildi\u011fi ortaya konuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u0131rtlakta dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6zel yap\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re kediler, guruldama s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 kaslar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 20-30 kez saniyede kas\u0131p gev\u015fetiyor ve bu hareket solunum havas\u0131n\u0131 ritmik bi\u00e7imde mod\u00fcle ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Viyana \u00dcniversitesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ise bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sekiz evcil kediden al\u0131nan g\u0131rtlak \u00f6rnekleri laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda incelendi. Sinir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve aktif kas hareketi bulunmayan bu g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131n, hava ak\u0131m\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi kendine titre\u015ferek kedilerin tipik guruldama frekanslar\u0131nda ses \u00fcretebildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n anatomik incelemelerinde ise kedilerin ses tellerinin i\u00e7inde, \u00e7ap\u0131 4 milimetreye kadar ula\u015fabilen ba\u011f dokusu k\u00fctleleri veya \u201cyast\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k\u201d benzeri \u00f6zel yap\u0131lar tespit edildi. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n, kedilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck v\u00fccutlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekanslarda ses \u00e7\u0131karabilmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Klarnet kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi titre\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7ekici y\u00f6nlerinden biri, guruldama mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00e7ok klasik ses \u00fcretimindeki miyoelastik-aerodinamik mekanizmayla (MEAD) a\u00e7\u0131klanabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Basit\u00e7e anlatmak gerekirse, hava ak\u0131m\u0131 ses tellerini harekete ge\u00e7iriyor ve ses telleri kendi kendini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir titre\u015fim olu\u015fturuyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu mekanizman\u0131n, insanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201cvocal fry\u201d ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7atall\u0131 veya g\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131 ses \u00fcretimine baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden benzedi\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu nedenle kedinin guruldamas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u201ckaslar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla kas\u0131p gev\u015fetmesi\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamak art\u0131k yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 25-30 Hz’lik son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada sekiz kedinin g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131 da 25-30 Hz civar\u0131ndaki tipik guruldama frekanslar\u0131nda titre\u015fim \u00fcretebildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir frekans. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kedilerin yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 kilograml\u0131k v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansta ses \u00e7\u0131karabilmesinde ses tellerindeki \u00f6zel ba\u011f dokusu yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli rol oynayabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda ise baz\u0131 g\u0131rtlak \u00f6rneklerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 ile 200 Hz aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen frekanslar\u0131n \u00fcretilebildi\u011fi ve guruldama ile di\u011fer kedi sesleri aras\u0131nda keskin bir s\u0131n\u0131r bulunmayabilece\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki kediler ger\u00e7ekten kaslar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bilim insanlar\u0131, yeni bulgular\u0131n kedilerin guruldarken hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kaslar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak kan\u0131tlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle vurguluyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131n sinirsel uyar\u0131 veya aktif kas kas\u0131lmas\u0131 olmadan da guruldama benzeri titre\u015fim \u00fcretebildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla eski \u201caktif kas kas\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d teorisi tamamen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re kedilerin ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famda guruldama s\u0131ras\u0131nda hem pasif, kendi kendini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren titre\u015fim mekanizmas\u0131ndan hem de kas aktivitesinden yararlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Viyana’daki ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n as\u0131l mesaj\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u201ckediler guruldarken kaslar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 kullanm\u0131yor\u201d demekten ziyade, guruldaman\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli kas kas\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart olmayabilece\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kedilerin g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel anatomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n, hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekanstaki titre\u015fimleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yani evde yan\u0131m\u0131zda sessizce oturan ve derinden \u201cm\u0131r\u0131l m\u0131r\u0131l\u201d ses \u00e7\u0131karan bir kedinin g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131nda, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir ses \u00fcretim sistemi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ayn\u0131 zamanda kedilerin guruldamas\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir konu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor. Viyana \u00dcniversitesi, mevcut bulgular\u0131n \u00f6nceki teoriyi tamamen \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmedi\u011fini ve mekanizman\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ihtiya\u00e7 bulundu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Viyana \u00dcniversitesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bildiklerimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Kedilerin huzur ve rahatl\u0131k anlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 o tan\u0131d\u0131k \u201cguruldama\u201d sesi, y\u0131llard\u0131r hayvan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekiyor. Ancak Viyana \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma, kedilerin bu sesi nas\u0131l \u00fcretti\u011fine ili\u015fkin eski teorilerin yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Christian T. Herbst liderli\u011findeki uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan bilim dergisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=971"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":981,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971\/revisions\/981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viyana.at\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}